Microsoft Windows, macOS, Linux, OpenBSD, FreeBSD Personal and small-business financial-accounting software that supports tracking bank accounts, stocks, income and expenses. The first section is devoted to free and open-source software, and the second is for proprietary software.įree and open-source personal financial management software Name The following is a list of personal financial management software. Open source software is one way of potentially minimizing the risks of privacy and monetization related risks of data exposure. An often overlooked form of risk is due to the monetization model and privacy practices of the vendor or software provider, whether the application is "free" or fee based. This risk may be compounded based on the security the software vendor has implemented as well as the availability of the data and where specifically it is stored (online or a local application). Another significant area of risk is due to sensitive personal information that is stored anytime data is digitized. The use of expense tracking, budgeting, and other personal finance software carries some risk, most notably is due to the disclosure of a username, password, or other account credentials used to automatically synchronize banking information with an expense tracking application. Some software differs by feature support, software code and development transparency, mobile app features, import methods, Monetization model, privacy and data storage practices. For those looking for software that also will help with investments, Empower is a good choice.Personal finance software can be used to track spending, create budgets, and plan for future expenses. On top of that, you can set up bill payments through the software, which is compatible with Android, iOS, MacOS, and Windows operating systems.įor budgeting specifically, you can't go wrong with Mint, and we like TurboTax for handling tax filing. It helps with creating budgets and tracks debt and expenses while allowing you to export data to Microsoft Excel. We chose Quicken as the best overall personal finance software because of its all-around strengths. Tiller Money Best for Spreadsheet Management It starts at 0.89% for balances under $1 million.įree budgeting tool wealth management fee of 0.89% on first $1 million under management There is no monthly fee, and the annual management fee is tiered based on the investment amount. Even if you’re not quite ready to take advantage of the financial advisor, Empower can help you track your finances and investments in one place. Use the software to determine if you’re on track with your retirement and other investment goals. While you’re charged a fee for this service, financial advisors are obligated to provide you with advice that works in your best interest. If you have a portfolio of more than $100,000, you can get personalized financial advice based on your goals. If you have multiple accounts, using Empower can save you from having to switch between tabs to understand where you stand. You can include your bank accounts, mortgage, and other credit accounts, plus your investment accounts, to have your complete financial picture right in front of you. Versions where you can consult with a live tax expert cost even more.Įmpower (formerly Personal Capital) lets you manage all your financial accounts in a single platform. Filing your state taxes will be an additional cost with its higher-tier options. TurboTax offers a few tiered plans, ranging from $0 to $129 for federal tax filing on your own. While you can use TurboTax on the web, you can also download the software to your device for added security. Paid versions of TurboTax include a feature to help you uncover deductions you may not have known were available to you. On the higher end, TurboTax Live connects you with a tax expert to give you personalized advice and answer questions about your tax return. The basic version lets you file your federal and state return for free if all you use is form 1040 with no attached schedules. If you’ve used TurboTax before, the software will remember your personal information and ask whether there have been any major changes. Entering your tax information is fairly simple-import your W-2 information from your employer or take a picture of it, and the software will transfer the information into the form. While it’s one of the pricier tax preparation tools, it’s also consumer-friendly, walking you through your taxes to help you accurately file your return. You may not necessarily need TurboTax to manage your finances throughout the entire year, but when it’s tax time, the software can come in handy.
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Unlimited Skips – Don’t like any music? Tap on the skip button, and it will start playing the next track.Play Any Track – With Spotify Premium, you will be able to play any music or song and listen to any part you want.Ad-free Experience – It will block all the video and audio advertisements during music playback so you can enjoy uninterrupted music. Download Music – With the ability to download music and offline listening, you can listen to music whenever and wherever you want.You can subscribe to the premium version inside the app. The Premium and paid version of Spotify offers some additional features, and those are listed below. Mood or Activity-Based Music – Smart music discovery option will help you find music and soundtracks based on your current mood or activity.ĭo you know you can download music of high quality for offline listening on your Android phone and tablet devices for free? It is possible with the Deezer Music app.Custom Playlists – Gives you the ability to create customized playlists as well as the option to share them with your friends.Search Music – The powerful search functionality will help you quickly search for any music or favorite song from their massive database of over fifty million soundtracks.Discover Music – You can discover new music, albums, and podcasts from your favorite artists or creators.Here are the key features of the Spotify music app that makes it one of the most popular music-streaming platform on Android and other mobile devices: All you need is a Spotify apk and a compatible Android device. The whole music albums from your favorite artists, whether they are old or new, are freely available to listen to whenever you want. The service provides over 50 million soundtracks, music, and songs for almost any activity or mood. Spotify is a hugely popular music-streaming service with over 286 million users from all over the world who are regularly enjoying freemium and premium music, songs, and podcasts. Spotify has got you covered with all your music needs. There is a Spotify Premium subscription, too, if you want to unlock all the features, go ad-free, and enjoy offline listening. It’s an all-in-one app that provides seamless streaming services for free. Like Spotify it is also available in a few regions only.Download Spotify Music for Android and listen to music, songs, and podcasts anytime and anywhere.Spotify Premium can be used after subscribing to the desired package.Spotify cannot be accessed from every country it is available in a few states only.It requires paid subscriptions to get access to all the features.
On October 20th, an article about the GIF's origins was published on the news site Entrepreneur. On October 14th, Redditor Wyldcat submitted an edited version of the GIF including images of Republican House Speaker Paul Ryan and several Republican presidential and vice-presidential candidates, including Donald Trump, Mike Pence and Ted Cruz, dancing around the blazing dumpster to /r/EnoughTrumpSpam (shown below). QZ4UFhEgPU- Nate Silver October 10, 2016 On October 10th, statistician Nate Silver posted the GIF with the caption "Live look-in at the Republican Party (shown below). On February 16th, 2016, an animated GIF of the fire was uploaded to Giphy. On September 12th, 2012, YouTuber 5iveoclock uploaded footage of the Los Angeles Fire Department putting out a dumpster fire behind the Dolby Theater in Hollywood, California (shown below). On October 18th, the news site Mother Jones published an article titled "'Dumpster Fire' Is 2016's Meme of the Year," which discussed the way the expression was used throughout the 2016 United States presidential elections. Within one month, the post gathered upwards of 6,800 votes (93% upvoted) and 300 comments on /r/CrappyDesign. On September 8th, Redditor Nobyl submitted a photoshopped weather map showing dumpster fires all over the St. On June 6th, the news site Salon published an article referring to Donald Trump's presidential campaign as a "raging dumpster fire." On June 24th, The Huffington Post published an article examining the history of the phrase. On June 4th, American linguist Mark Liberman ran a blog post on his website Language Log about the pejorative. On August 16th, the Vlogbrothers YouTube channel released a video in which host John Green lists "16 ways 2016 is not a total dumpster fire" (shown below). In May 2016, Oxford Dictionaries added "dumpster fire" to their online dictionary, defining it as "a chaotic or disastrously mishandled situation. On July 10th, 2008, Urban Dictionary user Full0n submitted an entry for "Dumpster Fire," defining it as "a complete disaster" or "something very difficult that nobody wants to deal with" (shown below). "This bloody, exploitative mess is the cinematic equivalent of a dumpster fire stinky but insignificant."Īccording to The Huffington Post, many have credited American sportscaster Colin Cowherd with popularizing the phrase "dumpster fire" to describe poorly performing sports teams. All rights reserved.The earliest known use of the expression as a pejorative metaphor was used in a scathing critique of the 1974 horror film The Texas Chainsaw Massacre published in the Arizona Republic newspaper on October 17th, 2003. The company says it will make improvements and invite Dakota News Now cameras back to show the updates in the future.Ĭopyright 2023 KSFY. We look forward to working together to provide enjoyable living spaces for our residents and provide quality housing in Sioux Falls, South Dakota. The second is the issue of illegal dumping around the community dumpsters which prevents our trash service provider from being able to adequately collect trash.Īfter several phone calls today, we are proactively working with our service provider, our local councilperson, code enforcement, and the Department of Health to immediately remedy the issue and implement a long-term strategy for prevention. If residents have any information regarding this issue, we ask them to contact the local police department. The first issue is criminal activity with the arson event and determining the responsible party. We are currently working with local authorities to determine the best solution for two issues: Dumpster 2020 svg, Fire dumpster 2020, burning 2020 svg, Funny 2020 svg cut file, Silhouette Cricut, Dxf, Funny Year 2020 Burning Fire trash (1.1k). We were notified of a situation late last evening of suspected arson by lighting a dumpster on fire. “Basically, it just has to be cleaned up,” said Starr. Use the Desk View setup window to align your desk with the camera. Tip: You can also open Desk View by searching for it in Spotlight. Desk View opens, which mimics an overhead camera and shows a top-down view of your desk. Made-For-iPhone (MFI) camera mounts will be available for purchase from Apple and third-party retailers later this year but this US$19.99 cellphone mount from Amazon will do the job for the time being for those who would like to beta test the feature ahead of its release. Click Control Center in the menu bar, click Video Effects, then click Desk View. For Mac desktops, including the Mac Studio or the Mac mini, simply centering and then mounting the iPhone on a connected display will allow the Continuity Camera to work properly. Using the Ultra Wide camera on iPhone, Desk View lets you show what’s on your desk during a video conference. In order for the Continuity Camera to function properly, users must mount their iPhone above their Mac display with their iPhone’s camera array positioned just to the left of the built-in webcam. You can count on AnyDesk’s stable operation and cross-compatibility. Offer Remote Support to your customers, whether connecting to other Mac based systems, or desktops running Windows or Linux. Also known as MacOS 13, Apple’s latest operating system is finally available for download. With AnyDesk you can easily access and edit data and settings on remote computers or servers. To disconnect an actively paired iPhone in the Continuity Camera mode simply select the red “disconnect” button beneath the onscreen text. Octo3:10 pm BST Image Credit (Apple) Scroll to section Apple announced the latest version of its Mac operating system, Ventura, at WWDC earlier in the year and after a number of. Say goodbye to Monterey and hello to VenturaMacOS Ventura, that is. But theres also a Desk View mode where you can simultaneously record your physical desk using the. While the Continuity Camera is enabled by default on compatible iPhone models running iOS 16, users can opt not to use the feature by launching the Settings app on the iPhone, then tapping General > AirPlay & Handoff > Continuity Camera Webcam and toggling the corresponding switch. With macOS Ventura, youll be able to use your iPhones camera as a webcam for your Mac. Then they can click the Video option in the menu bar to select their iPhone under the “Camera” header. Make sure your backup disk is plugged in, turned on, and securely connected to your Mac. You can use the camera on your iPhone to view what's on your desk or something else. including Desk View, Studio Status menus. Users can additionally toggle the Continuity Camera manually by navigating to the menu bar on their Mac in the upper left corner of the display. A new feature called Stage Manager makes its debut in MacOS Ventura. If this prompt fails to appear the user should ensure that both their iPhone and Mac have Wi-Fi and Bluetooth enabled. When receiving a FaceTime call, users will receive a prompt on compatible iPhone devices to connect their iPhone camera to their Mac. However, choosing a more shaded planting area will lead to more vibrant and vivid foliage colors. Japanese Maples can grow in full sun or part shade. Remember to make your cuts with a clean, sterilized pair of shears and cut at a 45-degree angle. At this point, you can remove diseased, dead or broken branches, suckers and any competing branches for best growth. Wait until the dormant winter season to prune your Japanese Maple Trees. But no matter which variety (and size) you choose, you get a smaller silhouette that fits well into any space. That's because they are available in a variety of shapes, including vase-like with multiple trunks like the Bloodgood Japanese Maple and weeping like the Viridis Japanese Maple. Landscapers think outside of the box with Japanese Maples. The Coral Bark Japanese Maple even has a bright red trunk! How Big Do Japanese Maple Trees Get? Other Japanese Maples emerge from dormancy with dark shades of red that almost seem purple before turning green in the summer and bright red, yellow, or orange in the fall. Some varieties have leaves that emerge green before turning shades of bright or dark red. You will get more than a splash of color with Japanese maples for multiple seasons. Exotic good looks define this timeless variety, known for its blazing hues that last for months at a time. Linearilobum: Leaves are divided all the way to the base described as strap-, ribbon-, or bamboo-like.There's nothing like the iconic Japanese Maple Trees, from their colors and sizes to their one-of-a-kind leaf shape.Dissectum: Leaves are deeply divided into lobes and sub-lobes described as lacy, dainty or ferny.Matsumurae: Leaves are divided more than 3/4 of the way to the base.Palmate: Leaves are divided 2/3 to 3/4 of the way to the base.Amoenum: Leaves are divided less than 2/3 of the way to the base.Below are common terms used to describe Japanese maple leaves. The leaves of Japanese maples can differ greatly between varieties, with some arranged in layers like roof shingles, some variegated along the margins or with webs of veining, and others that are curled, crinkled and clustered in tufts. Compact/dwarf: Growing to heights of just 3 to 6 feet, these types make an excellent choice for growing in a pot.Weeping: With pendulous branches that arch gracefully downward, weeping maples cascade in a similar fashion to a waterfall.Vase: The branches of these trees grow up and out, for a tree that is narrow at the base, but wide at the top.Here are the most common terms used to describe their forms. Japanese maples come in many forms-some are airy and upright, while others are compact and domed. Other often overlooked features are their sculptural trunks and branching, tufts of colorful flowers, and clusters of winged seeds called samaras. Some leaves are star shaped or nearly round some are deeply dissected and lacy. Some varieties are vase shaped, while others form columns or gracefully cascade. Small flowers bloom in mid-spring which are attractive close up, but not particularly showy from a distance. A small-growing, upright, rounded deciduous tree that also grows as a multi-stemmed shrub that is primarily grown for its excellent fall color. Photo by: Garden World Images Ltd / Alamy Stock Photo.Ĭommonly called full-moon maple or shirasawa maple, and similar in appearance to A. Known as Benvenuti A EuroDisney in Italian, released in Italy.Known as Ga Mee Naar Euro Disneyland in Dutch, released in Netherlands.Known as Eine Musikalische Reise Ins Euro Disney Resort in German, released in Germany.The program was also released in French Canada as On S'amuse Au Royaume enchanté Known as En Route Pour Euro Disneyland and En Route Pour Disneyland Paris in French, released in France.Known as Vamos a Disneyland Paris in Spanish, released in Spain.English versions of both were also released in Japan. The first time under "Euro Disneyland" and then re-released as "Disneyland Paris". The program has been released in several languages. Jim Cummings - Winnie the Pooh / Tigger / King Louie / Big Bad Wolf.Smee / Tweedle Dee and Tweedle Dum / Mad Hatter Corey Burton - Professor Owl / Bertie Birdbrain / Dale / White Rabbit / Captain Hook / Mr.Tress MacNeille - Chip / Queen of Hearts.I'm Walkin' Right Down the Middle of Main Street U.S.A. Disney Sing Along Songs Theme Song (Regular with alternate lyrics).Join Chip and Dale, Roger Rabbit and a Magic Kingdom full of your favourite Disney characters and sing along to the happiest songs on earth! Songs Songs are for sharing, and learning the words to your favourite Disney songs has never been so much fun! Just sing along to the on-screen lyrics as you enjoy classic Disney characters in their most memorable musical scenes!Ĭelebrate a musical day at Disneyland Paris - the magical place where dreams come true! See Mickey and Minnie hustle and bustle behind the scenes during a day of fun and thrills at the park! Then get a front row seat on some of the wildest rides, like Star Tours, Big Thunder Mountain and the Pirates of the Caribbean. Some features require separate theme park admission.Īpple, the Apple logo, iPhone and Apple Music are trademarks of Apple Inc., registered in the U.S. If you’re under 18, get your parents’ permission first. Subscription plan renews automatically after trial. Separate Apple Music terms and conditions apply. Music streaming feature requires an Apple Music® subscription. Coverage and app stores not available everywhere. Availability subject to handset limitations, and features may vary by handset, service provider or otherwise. ** Message, data and roaming rates may apply. When you wish you may and wish you might, then Heart, there’s a spark you just can’t fight To believe in make believe, to be who you wanna beĬalling all dreamers, a celebration in the streetĪnd the sights you’re gonna see are far beyond your wildest dreams cuzĬuz you can reach for the stars in broad daylight (now, now, now, now, now, now, now, now!)Ĭalling all dreamers, time to let your mind run free This is the anthem, here’s what you came forĬome one, come all…let’s light up the sky now Now go ahead and belt it out! Here are the lyrics to the “Magic Happens” theme song to help. In case you missed it, check out a virtual viewing of “Magic Happens” here on Disney Parks Blog, and also learn more about creating the catchy music for the parade from Todrick Hall, himself! The all-new “Magic Happens” parade recently debuted at Disneyland park and quickly became a fan favorite. For those who don’t already have an Apple Music subscription, eligible new users can sign up for a free three-month trial and enjoy full-length versions of these and other favorite Disney songs, along with the more than 35 official Disney Parks playlists offered on the platform. You can enjoy the “Magic Happens” song and playlist on Apple Music, or in the Play Disney Parks mobile app** (which also features games, trivia and more that you can enjoy from home!). Other favorite tunes are from classic tales, including “Cinderella” and “The Princess and the Frog,” to more recent stories, including “Frozen 2,” “Coco,” “Moana” and more. The playlist features 19 songs, beginning with the high-energy “Magic Happens” song, which was co-composed by singer-songwriter, Todrick Hall. Guess what, “ Magic Happens” parade fans? You’ve been asking and we’ve been listening… and we’re excited to share that you can now stream the popular, catchy “Magic Happens” tune, from wherever you may be and enjoy #DisneyMagicMoments!īeginning today, Apple Music* has launched the main theme song, “Magic Happens,” as well as a “Magic Happens” playlist full of favorite Disney songs that inspired the new parade at Disneyland park. Think not just any potential damage to your vehicle, are you insured for theft, delays, cancellations, or personal liability if you cause an accident? Will your travel insurance or credit card insurance cover these things, or do you need extra protection? Roadside Assistance It should go without saying THE most important thing to have before you commence a road trip is travel insurance and car insurance. Whether it’s your own car, a campervan, or a rental vehicle, here’s what you need to ensure is packed in your road-tripping vehicle. Car Essentials: Important Items to Pack for Vehicle Safety and Maintenanceīefore we get on to personal comfort and entertainment, it’s essential to consider the road trip essentials for your vehicle. It’s important to note, not all road trips are created equal! It’s impractical to think you’ll need the same gear trekking through Europe in a hire car in winter as you’ll need for a summer RV trip across the United States we’ll include here a very general checklist for all types of road trips, plus additional items to consider in extreme weather and certain locations.Īs Amazon Associates, we earn a commission from qualifying purchases made on this page. Get your notepad ready, or pop on over here to download a printable version of this road trip packing list. We focus on family adventures, so there are quite a few family items here, but we have you sorted for road tripping with your partner or your mates too! This is the most important resource you need for planning any sort of road trip. Kerbal Space Program Controls (as of KSP 0.18. Left-⌃ Jet downSpace Jump/Reorient - Let go of ladderĪlt Toggle movement] / [ Cycle through active ships / EVAs ] Cycle through active ships (forwards)[ Cycle through active ships (backwards)į1 ScreenshotF2 Toggle UI visibilityF3 Toggle Results ScreenF4 Toggle Ship LabelsF5 QuicksaveF9 Quickload⌥F12 Debug menuĭocking modeDocking modeWASD Pitch / translateĮVA CommandsEVA CommandsWASD Walk/jet forward, right, left, back ⌥, Physical Time Warp decrease (in orbit)numpad. M Orbital Map toggleTab Cycle focus in Orbital Map⇧Tab Reverse cycle focus in Orbital Map System/UI CommandsSystem/UI Commands+ / - Zoom view in / out⌥F2 Open debug console The red side is the source of gravity so pointing directly at the center of the red means you are pointed straight down and vise-versa for the blue side. * Select two parts, then select direction of fuel transfer RMB Open part info window⌥RMB Multiple info windows / fuel transfer* Toggle Custom Action Group 1, 2, 3.⌫ Emergency abort HNKIJL RCS Thruster translationG Toggle Landing Struts positionB Wheel brakes (2x for parking brakes)U Toggle vehicle lights] Cycle fwd through active ships/EVAs[ Cycle back through active ships/EVAsġ, 2, 3. Home / End Scroll stage iconsT Toggle SASF Hold to temporarily invert SASR Toggle RCS Thrusters X Stop all enginesSpace Advance stage⌥L Lock current stage QE Roll adjustment⌥+key Trim Pitch/Yaw/Roll WASDQE Rotate part⇧ Hold to rotate in 5 degree incrementsįlight ControlsFlight ControlsWASD Pitch / Yaw adjustment ⇧LMB Select the entire ship+ / - Zoom view in / out ⌥LMB Duplicate part or assembly in VABC Toggle Angle SnapX Scroll through symmetry settings⇧X Go back one symmetry setting VAB/SPH CommandsVAB/SPH Commands⌃Z Undo last action VAB/SPH Commands ⌃ Z Undo last action ⌃ Y Redo last action ⌥ LMB Duplicate part or assembly in VAB C Toggle Angle Snap X Scroll through symmetry settings ⇧ X Go back one symmetry setting ⇞ / ⇟ Scroll view up / down ⇧ LMB Select the entire ship + / - Zoom view in / out WASDQE Rotate part ⇧ Hold to rotate in 5 degree increments Space Reset part rotation Flight Controls WASD Pitch / Yaw adjustment QE Roll adjustment ⌥ +key Trim Pitch/Yaw/Roll ⌥ X Reset trim Left- ⇧ Increase throttle Left- ⌃ Decrease throttle X Stop all engines Space Advance stage ⌥ L Lock current stage Home / End Scroll stage icons T Toggle SAS F Hold to temporarily invert SAS R Toggle RCS Thrusters HNKIJL RCS Thruster translation G Toggle Landing Struts position B Wheel brakes (2x for parking brakes) U Toggle vehicle lights ] Cycle fwd through active ships/EVAs Cycle through active ships (forwards) / [ Cycle through active ships / EVAs Space Orient camera to view Kerbal Space Program Controls (as of KSP 0.18.0) Derived from the wiki page ⇧ - shift ⌃ - control ⌥ - alt / option ⌫ - backspace ⇞ / ⇟ - page up / down For more on what constitutes low-effort comments, please see Rules 2a and 2b. This refers to submissions, not comments. This type of content is welcome at /r/strawmanharris. Too many joke posts in a short amount of time may lead to removal. Posts may be removed and asked to be re-submitted at the discretion of the mods.ĥ) Light-hearted or low-effort submissions such as jokes, memes, etc, may be removed at the discretion of the mods. This is so headlines, titles, and opinions are presented as written and not obscured so discussion may most directly relate to the post. When submitting links, please use the original article's title (and publication date if not current) whenever possible. This rule is enforced selectively by the mods.Ĥ) Please do not editorialize headlines. Duplicate posts or spam posts on the same topic may also be removed. This is to avoid low-effort agenda-pushing and circle-jerking. All non-Sam Harris submissions should be submitted with thoughtful commentary or questions. Users may be asked to explain/justify posts that mention these topics in a comment or additional text. Do report suspected sock-puppet/duplicate user accounts.ģ) Most linked sites or articles should either at least mention Sam Harris explicitly or implicitly or mention or relate somehow to topics/individuals about which Harris has spoken or written. Do not report users simply for being stubborn or sarcastic. Be constructive and open with your discourse, otherwise it's a form of trolling. A person's posting history, past behavior, and the context in which these things occur will be considered.Ģb) This should be self-explanatory. What constitutes any of these things is at the sole discretion of the moderation team, as is the punishment offenders receive. Please do not re-upload or re-host his non-free content.Ģa) Intolerance, incivility against other users, and trolling are not acceptable. For Sam Harris’s work, please link directly to his website for updated posts on his podcast, blog, etc. Please see Rule 3 for which link posts are allowed. In the spirit of Sam's work, this is a place for reason and reasoned discussion.ġ) When submitting links, use the author's original content and/or web address whenever possible. A subreddit dedicated to discussion about Sam Harris's works, opinions, and speaking appearances, as well as other relevant topics.Įveryone is welcome in this subreddit, regardless of religious or philosophical views. The Battle of the Coral Sea spelled the first setback for the Japanese since the beginning of the Pacific War. More important, the Japanese broke off their invasion attempt. Each side suffered damage to a carrier, while the American lost the carrier USS Lexington (CV-3) and the Japanese lost the light carrier Shoho. On 7–8 May, the first carrier battle of the war took place in the Coral Sea. It was not until early May, when Admiral Inouye had three carriers available, that the operation was initiated. Nimitz, commander in chief, Pacific Fleet.įollowing an American carrier raid on Japanese shipping at Lae and Salamaua on 10 March, which demonstrated to Admiral Shigeyoshi Inouye, commander in chief, Fourth Fleet, that Japanese were not assured of air superiority in the region, the Japanese decided to postpone their planned seizure of Port Moresby. The intelligence centers provided their analysis, through daily COMINT briefings and warning reports, to senior American commanders, including Admiral Ernest J. More important, by translating messages and studying operational patterns, Melbourne and Hypo were able to predict future Japanese operations with some degree of certainty. These facilities intercepted Japanese radio communications and, through traffic analysis and codebreaking, uncovered the location of major fleet units and shore-based air forces. Fortunately, the station’s equipment could be destroyed and its cryptanalysts evacuated to Melbourne. forces there surrendered to the Japanese in 6 May. A third (“Cast”), at Cavite and then Corregidor in the Philippines, was lost when U.S. fleet radio-intercept units were in operation in the Pacific: one in Melbourne, Australia (FRUMEL-Fleet Radio Unit Melbourne), and another at Pearl Harbor ("Hypo" or FRUPAC-Fleet Radio Unit Pacific). By early March, with the seizure of Lae and Salamaua, the entire north coast of Papua/New Guinea had fallen to Japanese forces, who were planning for an amphibious invasion of Port Moresby.Īt this time, two U.S. In the Pacific, this plan envisioned the seizure of bases in Papua/New Guinea and the Solomon Islands, which would then be used to support future operations against New Caledonia, Fiji, and Samoa. The second phase, initiated by Japanese Imperial Headquarters on 23 January, was designed to isolate and neutralize Australia and India. The first phase of these operations, which was the seizure of Malaysia, Singapore, the Dutch East Indies, the Philippines, and various island groups in the central and western Pacific, was virtually complete by March 1942. Strategic Background and the Role of Communications Intelligenceįollowing the outbreak of the Pacific War in December 1941, the Japanese armed forces conducted military operations against U.S., British Commonwealth, and Dutch possessions in the Pacific and Southeast Asia. |
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